# The impact of elevated temperature and salinity on microbial communities and food selectivity in heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the Boye River

## TL;DR

This study explores how increased temperature and salinity affect the feeding behavior of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and their impact on bacterial communities in the Boye River.

## Contribution

The study reveals that salinization, but not temperature, alters the food selectivity of nanoflagellates, influencing bacterial community composition.

## Key findings

- Salinization increased flagellates’ selection against Microbacterium lacusdiani.
- The reduced grazing pressure was offset by the negative impact of salinity on Actinomycetota growth.
- Stressor effects on predator feeding behavior can influence prey community composition.

## Abstract

Microbial predator–prey interactions play a crucial role in aquatic food webs. Bacterivorous protists not only regulate the quantity and biomass of bacterial populations but also profoundly influence the structure of bacterial communities. Consequently, alterations in both the quantity and quality of protist bacterivory can influence the overall structure of aquatic food webs. While it is well-documented that changes in environmental conditions or the occurrence of abiotic stressors can lead to shifts in microbial community compositions, the impact of such disturbances on food selection remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of elevated temperature and salinization on food selectivity of heterotrophic nanoflagellates by monitoring the uptake of preselected target bacteria via catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization and fluorescence microscopy. Our results indicate that salinization, but not increased temperature, significantly increased the flagellates’ selection against Microbacterium lacusdiani (Actinomycetota). However, the effect of the reduced grazing pressure was counterbalanced by the negative effect of increased salinity on the growth of Actinomycetota. Our results suggest that the effect of stressors on the feeding behavior of protistan predators may strongly affect the composition of their prey community, when bacterial taxa are concerned that are less sensitive to the particular stressor.