# Trends in Salt Consumption and Reduction Practices in Vietnam During 2015–2021: Analyzing Urinary Sodium Levels Among 18–69 Aged Populations

## TL;DR

This study shows a significant decrease in salt intake among Vietnamese adults from 2015 to 2020, though high-risk groups still consume more salt than recommended.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into salt consumption trends and reduction practices in Vietnam, highlighting progress and remaining challenges in public health.

## Key findings

- Average daily salt intake decreased from 9.42 g/day in 2015 to 8.07 g/day in 2020.
- The percentage of people exceeding the global average salt intake dropped from 24.88% to 8.31%.
- High-risk groups like those with hypertension and diabetes showed salt intake reductions but still consumed more than recommended.

## Abstract

This study investigates changes in salt intake and reduction practices among Vietnamese adults (ages 18–69), focusing on high-risk groups for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like hypertension, diabetes, and elevated BMI.

Participants aged 18–69 from the 2015 and 2020 STEPs surveys provided data on the spot urine test. Average daily salt intake was calculated using the Intersalt Southern European equation. The prevalence of excessive salt intake was assessed, along with subgroup analyses based on demographic factors and NCD risk.

Average salt intake decreased significantly from 9.42 g/day in 2015 to 8.07 g/day in 2020 (p < 0.01), with the most substantial decline among younger individuals. The percentage exceeding the global average of 10.78 g/day dropped from 24.88% to 8.31%. High-risk groups, including those with hypertension and diabetes, consumed more salt but also showed reductions. Awareness of salt reduction advice remained low, with only 60.9% of the general population informed.

While progress has been made in reducing salt intake, ongoing public health initiatives are essential to meet recommended levels, especially for high-risk populations.