# A Coalition for Change? Role Orientations in the 12th Parliament of Botswana

## TL;DR

This paper explores whether a coalition for change is emerging in Botswana's parliament, focusing on the role orientations of opposition MPs.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel dataset from interviews with MPs to analyze the emergence of a reform-oriented coalition.

## Key findings

- A group of opposition MPs forms a coalition for change due to their reform orientation and oversight activities.
- The coalition is characterized by a connected communication structure.
- The study enhances understanding of parliamentary functioning in Botswana's democracy.

## Abstract

Botswana’s parliamentary democracy features a weak parliament that is ineffective in law making and executive oversight. Conventional explanations emphasise a dominant party system that emerged following independence, lack of operational independence from the executive, and the poor capacity of parliament as factors that undermine its effectiveness. Using a novel dataset that is based on interviews with Members of Parliament (MPs) on a wide range of issues, including their role orientations, this article tests several interrelated hypotheses to investigate whether there is an emerging coalition for change. The article finds that there is a group of opposition MPs that constitutes a coalition for change because they are reform oriented, discuss parliamentary affairs and exercise executive oversight. We argue that this coalition for change is marked by a connected communication structure. The study furthers our understanding of the functioning of parliament as a core institution of Botswana’s democracy.