# Invasive Urinary Tract Aspergillosis: A Rare Entity

## TL;DR

A rare case of invasive urinary aspergillosis causing severe kidney injury is reported, emphasizing the importance of early fungal diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the rare occurrence of invasive urinary aspergillosis as a cause of acute kidney injury and emphasizes the need for early antifungal therapy.

## Key findings

- Invasive urinary aspergillosis can lead to severe acute kidney injury.
- Voriconazole therapy resulted in significant clinical and biological improvement in the patient.
- Fungal infections should be considered in cases of persistent obstructive acute kidney injury.

## Abstract

We report a rare case of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) due to invasive urinary aspergillosis in a 59-year-old male. Our patient underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for bilateral renal calculi followed by bilateral ureteral stent placement. Initially, urine bacteriological cultures were sterile, and renal function was normal. Days later, he developed rapidly progressive oligo-anuric AKI requiring hemodialysis. Despite stent replacement and empirical antibiotics, infection markers continued to rise, and the newly replaced stents became obstructed for the second time. Ureteroscopy-guided urine culture identified Aspergillus fumigatus. A few days after the initiation of voriconazole therapy, the patient demonstrated significant clinical and biological improvement, including urine clarification and normalization of renal function. This case highlights the need to consider fungal infections in persistent unexplained obstructive AKI and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and antifungal therapy.