# Evaluation of the Psychosocial Status of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Treating Physicians Using the Glycemic Happiness Scale: A Multicentric, Cross-sectional Study

## TL;DR

This study used a new scale to assess happiness in type 2 diabetes patients and their doctors, finding that high glucose levels and medication frequency affect patient happiness.

## Contribution

Introduces the Glycemic Happiness scale to evaluate psychosocial well-being in diabetes care.

## Key findings

- 50.5% of patients and 90.8% of physicians reported being happy.
- OAD dosage frequency significantly affects patient GH scores.
- Higher HbA1c and PPG levels are linked to lower patient happiness.

## Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychosocial status of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and treating physicians using a novel Glycemic Happiness (GH) scale.

Methods: This was a real-world, prospective, multicentric, cross-sectional observational study. Male and female participants aged ≥ 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of T2D were eligible to take part. Additionally, the physicians with extensive T2D patient experience were enrolled in the study.

Results: The study included a total of 400 participants of T2D and 27 physicians. The patient population consisted of 213 (53.3%) men and 187 (46.7%) women, with a mean age of 54.29 ± 12.05 years. The proportions of patients and physicians who were found to be happy were 50.5% and 90.8%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the mean value of the GH score of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) for the physician component (P=0.0160). Although no significant difference in GH score was observed between insulin and OAD usage among the patients (P=0.9564), a significant difference was observed for dosage frequency of OAD (Once daily (OD) vs. three times daily (TID) (P=0.0034) and twice daily (BID) vs. TID (P=0.0324)). In the multiple regression analysis, GH in patients was found to be associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and postprandial glucose (PPG) values.

Conclusions: High glucose levels and OAD dosage frequency have been negatively associated with GH in patients with T2D. To achieve long-term happiness and well-being in diabetes management, there is a need to focus on various aspects of GH among patients and physicians.