# Cefepime-Induced Encephalopathy in a Patient With Uncompromised Renal Function: A Case Report

## TL;DR

A rare case of cefepime-induced encephalopathy is reported in a patient with normal kidney function, highlighting the need for further research into its risk factors.

## Contribution

Reports a rare case of cefepime-induced encephalopathy in a patient with normal renal function.

## Key findings

- The patient showed confusion and incoherence after cefepime use.
- Symptoms improved after discontinuing the medication.
- The case suggests the need to study other risk factors for this neurotoxicity.

## Abstract

Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, is widely used in the treatment of infections caused by resistant Gram-negative bacteria especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or in severe infections, septic shock, and infections in immunocompromised patients. As it crosses the blood–brain barrier, it can cause neurotoxicity which has mostly been reported in patients with impaired renal function. Patients can present with drowsiness, confusion, delirium, agitation, stupor, or coma, and sometimes with generalized myoclonus and seizures within two to six days after starting the antibiotic. This is a rare case report where a patient with intact kidney function presented with confusion and incoherence. After excluding the possible causes for encephalopathy, cefepime-induced encephalopathy was diagnosed and the patient gradually improved after discontinuing the medication. This case is an unusual presentation of symptoms in a patient with normal kidney function, which necessitates further studies to establish other potential risk factors of cefepime-induced neurotoxicity.