# Maternal Metformin Administration During the Pre-Gestation Period Improves Transient Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Male Offspring Rats

## TL;DR

Giving metformin to mother rats before pregnancy helps protect their offspring's brains from injury and improves memory.

## Contribution

This study shows that pre-gestation metformin improves offspring brain outcomes via AMPK activation and epigenetic changes.

## Key findings

- Metformin reduced neurological deficits and improved memory in offspring rats.
- Metformin increased BDNF, c-fos, p-AMPK/AMPK ratio, and histone H3K9 acetylation in the hippocampus.
- AMPK activation by metformin enhanced neural plasticity and bioenergetics in offspring.

## Abstract

It seems that maternal intervention, which may involve epigenetic mechanisms, can affect cerebral ischemia in offspring. Metformin consumption by the mother activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Metformin has also induced the AMPK and protected neurons in cerebral ischemia. This study investigates the effect of maternal metformin administration, which activates the AMPK pathway, on cerebral ischemia in offspring.

Animals were separated into four groups: sham, 2-vessels occlusion (2VO), Met+2VO, Met+compound c (CC)+2VO. Female rats were administrated with metformin at a dose of 200 mg.kg-1 body weight for 2 weeks prior to mating. After the final metformin injection, each female rat was paired with an intact adult male to allow for mating. Sixty-days old offspring underwent cerebral ischemia and then memory-related tests were done.

Current data revealed that the neurological deficits score was reduced Met+2VO group (P<0.001), and the memory increased (P<0.001) in comparison to the 2VO. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio declined in the metformin group (P<0.001) while the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), c-fos, p-AMPK/AMPK ratio and Histone H3K9 acetylation in the hippocampus augmented significantly compared to the 2VO group (P<0.001).

These findings indicated that the metformin intervention via AMPK activation could improve the movement disability, enhance spatial memory, increase neural plasticity, and augment the bioenergetics state and histone acetylation in the hippocampus of the offspring.