# The pandemic’s cruel aftermath: progressive decline in spay/neuter capacity

## TL;DR

The pandemic caused a lasting drop in spay/neuter surgeries, leading to a growing deficit and threatening progress in controlling pet overpopulation.

## Contribution

This study shows that spay/neuter clinics have not recovered post-pandemic and are performing fewer surgeries than before.

## Key findings

- Spay/neuter surgeries declined by 13% in 2020 and continued to drop in following years.
- Clinics performed fewer surgeries in 2022 and 2023 than in 2021, showing no recovery.
- The deficit is estimated at 3.7 million surgeries if trends hold nationwide.

## Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in early 2020 resulted in a temporary suspension of elective spay and neuter procedures in many low-cost spay/neuter clinics. In our previous study, we projected a deficit of 2.7 million surgeries performed in high-quality high-volume spay-neuter (HQHVSN) clinics as a result of the shutdown and subsequent inability to recover to pre-pandemic productivity by the end of 2021. The purpose of this follow-up study was to determine whether the clinics subsequently recovered and caught up with the previously delayed procedures. Spay-neuter data were collected from 212 HQHVSN clinics from January 2019 through June 2023. The clinics collectively performed 1,217,240 spay/neuter surgeries in the pre-COVID baseline year of 2019. The pandemic triggered a reduction of 13% in 2020, 3% in 2021, 6% in 2022, and 1% in the first half of 2023. Analysis of patient data from the same clinics in our previous report revealed that instead of rebounding to pre-pandemic surgery capacity, they performed even fewer surgeries per quarter in the 18-month follow-up period than they did in 2021. If similar trends occurred in the estimated 3,000 spay-neuter clinics across the United States, the deficit in spay-neuter surgeries is estimated to have risen to 3.7 million surgeries, not including the compounding effect of those intact animals producing litters of their own. The continued decline in low-cost spay-neuter year over year impedes access to basic preventive pet healthcare and threatens to undermine decades of progress in controlling pet overpopulation.