# Prognosis of palliative treatment for primary tracheal carcinoma: a two-center retrospective study

## TL;DR

This study examines the survival and factors affecting prognosis in tracheal cancer patients who receive only palliative treatment.

## Contribution

The study identifies key prognostic factors for tracheal carcinoma patients not undergoing radical treatment.

## Key findings

- Median survival for palliative TC patients was 57 months with 46.33% surviving 5 years.
- TSCC patients had significantly shorter survival than TACC patients.
- Targeted therapy improved survival, while smoking and extensive tumor extension worsened outcomes.

## Abstract

More than half of patients with tracheal carcinoma (TC) do not receive radical treatment, but the clinical characteristics, palliative treatment options, and prognosis of this group remain unclear.

This retrospective study analyzed 94 single primary TC patients (42 with tracheal squamous cell carcinoma [TSCC] and 52 with tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma [TACC]) admitted to the Emergency General Hospital and Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Log-rank tests, univariate and multivariate Cox and AFT models were used to assess overall survival (OS).

Among 89 patients without radical treatment, the median survival was 57 months, with 5-year and 10-year survival rates of 46.33% and 13.43%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified pathological type, smoking history, initial tumor extension (ITE), and targeted therapy as significant prognostic factors. The AFT model revealed that the median OS for TSCC patients was significantly shorter than for TACC patients, with a time ratio (TR) of 0.243 (95% CI: 0.153-0.386; P < 0.01), while targeted therapy was associated with a 1.790-fold increase in OS (TR: 1.790, 95% CI: 1.061-3.020; P = 0.029). Patients with extensive ITE had worse outcomes, with a TR of 0.628 (95% CI: 0.406-0.971; P = 0.037). Smokers had a TR of 0.601 (95% CI: 0.397-0.912; P = 0.017) compared with non-smokers. Subgroup analysis showed that smoking history was strongly associated with shorter OS in TSCC but not in TACC.

Pathological type, ITE, targeted therapy and smoking history are important factors for evaluating the prognosis of TC patients receiving palliative treatment.