# Infection of human induced pluripotent stem cells by an oncogenic herpesvirus

## TL;DR

This study shows that Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus can infect human induced pluripotent stem cells, causing growth arrest and changing gene expression, offering a new model to study virus effects on stem cells.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates that KSHV can establish latent infection in hiPSCs and alters their gene expression, providing a novel model for studying virus-host interactions in stem cells.

## Key findings

- KSHV establishes latent infection in hiPSCs and can be induced to lytic reactivation.
- KSHV infection causes growth arrest and apoptosis in hiPSCs.
- Transcriptomic analysis reveals significant changes in gene expression in infected and lytically induced hiPSCs.

## Abstract

As one of the major human oncogenic viruses, Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) is closely related to several cancers such as Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). KSHV can infect a broad tropism of human primary cells in vitro and in vivo. Embryonic stem cell-like pluripotent stem cells can be generated by the simultaneous introduction of several factors, into somatic cells, yielding induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. However, it remains unclear whether human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are permissive to KSHV and how this oncogenic virus infection may affect cellular gene profile.

In the current study, we examined whether hiPSCs were permissive to KSHV infection. The flow cytometry was used to assess the impacts of KSHV infection on hiPSCs viability and apoptosis. The Illumina RNA-Sequencing was used to determine cellular gene profile changed in KSHV-infected hiPSCs and lytically induced cells.

We report that KSHV successfully establishes latent infection in hiPSCs, which can be completely induced to lytic reactivation and release infectious virions. KSHV de novo infection arrests the growth of hiPSCs through inducing cell apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in global cellular gene expression in KSHV-infected hiPSCs as well as lytically induced cells.

Our findings demonstrate hiPSCs as a powerful tool to explore the potential impacts of KSHV infection on stem cell functions and virus pathogenesis in stem cell differentiated cells.