# Factors associated with the self-esteem of pregnant women at normal risk

## TL;DR

This study explores factors affecting self-esteem in pregnant women, finding that being young, unmarried, and unemployed are linked to lower self-esteem.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific sociodemographic factors associated with low self-esteem in pregnant women at normal risk.

## Key findings

- Age under 19 years is associated with lower self-esteem (p=0.023).
- Not being married or living with a partner correlates with lower self-esteem (p=0.005 and p=0.049).
- Lack of paid occupation during pregnancy is linked to lower self-esteem (p=0.026).

## Abstract

to analyze the factors associated with the self-esteem of normal risk pregnant women.

this is a cross-sectional study conducted with 150 pregnant women at normal risk from three primary health care units in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Two instruments were used: a questionnaire (sociodemographic, gynecological-obstetric history and current pregnancy) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Student’s t-test was used for data analysis.

it was observed that the factors associated with low self-esteem of pregnant women were age up to 19 years (p=0.023), not being married (p=0.005), not living with a partner (p=0.049), not having a paid occupation during pregnancy (p=0.026) and not planning the pregnancy (p=0.044).

pregnant adolescents, not having a partner and without pay affect their self-esteem. These aspects should be considered a priority for investment in health, management and organization of health services.

analisar os fatores associados à autoestima de gestantes.

estudo transversal com 150 gestantes de risco habitual em Fortaleza, Ceará, de maio de 2022 a maio de 2023. Utilizados dois instrumentos de coleta, um de caracterização sociodemográfica, antecedentes gineco-obstétricos e dados da gestação atual e a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, para análise foi realizado o Teste T de Student para amostras independentes, todos assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido com aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Ceará.

os fatores associados à baixa autoestima de gestantes foram idade até 19 anos (p=0,023), não ser casada (p=0,005), não residir com o parceiro (p=0,049), não possuir ocupação remunerada durante a gestação (p=0,026) e não planejar a gravidez (p=0,044).

sendo assim, a avaliação da autoestima materna é primordial em um cenário de vulnerabilidades sociodemográficas e obstétricas que afetam esse desfecho.