# Cerebral Salt-Wasting Syndrome in Severe Brain Trauma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

## TL;DR

This paper presents a case of cerebral salt-wasting syndrome in a patient with severe brain trauma and reviews how to distinguish it from another sodium disorder.

## Contribution

The paper provides a detailed case report and diagnostic criteria to differentiate CSWS from SIADH after brain injury.

## Key findings

- CSWS was diagnosed in a patient with severe brain trauma based on clinical and laboratory criteria.
- The case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis to guide appropriate treatment.
- A systematic review of the literature is included to support the differential diagnosis approach.

## Abstract

Sodium disorders are common in critically ill patients with brain injury. The severity of symptoms and long-term adverse neurological outcomes are related to the degree of sodium abnormality, the time the disorder has developed, and the treatment. After severe brain trauma, hyponatremia occurs most frequently associated with cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) or the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion (SIADH). We present the case of a patient with severe brain trauma who developed CSWS, followed by a systematic review of the literature. This case report includes the clinical and laboratory criteria used for the differential diagnosis between CSWS and SIADH.