Status epilepticus in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy: a case series study

TL;DR

This study examines the characteristics of status epilepticus in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy and finds that seizures often align with their main symptoms.

Contribution

The study provides new insights into the electroclinical features of status epilepticus in genetic generalized epilepsy patients.

Findings

Myoclonic absence status was observed in five patients with eyelid or perioral myoclonia and absences.

Three patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy experienced myoclonic status epilepticus.

Oral midazolam successfully terminated status epilepticus in four patients.

Abstract

Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) accounts for nearly one-third of all epilepsies. The feature of status epilepticus (SE) in patients with GGE has been rarely studied. We aimed to determine the electroclinical characteristics of SE in patients with GGE.

In this retrospective study, nine patients with GGE were enrolled at Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China from May 2014 to May 2020. SE was confirmed by 24-h video-EEG recording. The demography, clinical manifestation, brain MRI and SE pattern were analyzed.

Of the nine patients in the study, seven were female. The mean age of the patients at the time of inclusion was 16.8 years (range 7–31 years), and the mean age at the onset of epilepsy was 10.9 years (range 6–17 years). The follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 6 years. Myoclonic absence status was identified in four patients showing eyelid myoclonia with absence and one patient showing perioral myoclonia with absences. Myoclonic SE was identified in three patients showing juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Autonomic SE was found in one patient with eyelid myoclonia with absence. SE was terminated by oral midazolam in four patients. In the other five patients, SE terminated spontaneously.

The seizure type of SE in patients with GGE is often consistent with their major symptoms. Oral midazolam may be an option to terminate SE in patients with GGE.

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