# Axial compressive behavior of lithium slag and rubber concrete-filled steel tube stub columns

## TL;DR

This study explores using lithium slag and waste rubber in concrete-filled steel tube columns to reduce industrial waste and improve structural performance.

## Contribution

A new concrete-filled steel tube design using lithium slag and rubber is proposed, with a modified formula for predicting bearing capacity.

## Key findings

- LSRuCFST columns showed damage patterns similar to conventional CFST columns.
- Optimal bearing capacity was achieved with 20% lithium slag and 10% rubber replacement.
- A modified computational formula for bearing capacity was proposed and validated.

## Abstract

In order to solve the harm of industrial waste such as lithium slag and waste rubber to the environment, this paper put forward the structure of lithium slag and rubber concrete-filled steel tube (LSRuCFST) stub column, which was replaced cement and sand in concrete by lithium slag and waste rubber respectively. Through the axial compression test of 11 LSRuCFST specimens with various lithium slag replacement ratios (0, 10%, 20%, 30%) and rubber replacement ratios (0, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%), the damage patterns and mechanical characteristics of LSRuCFST columns were studied. The experimental phenomena showed that the damage patterns of 11 specimens were similar to the ordinary concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) colunms. With 20% replacement ratio of lithium slag and 10% replacement ratio of rubber, the largest increase of bearing capacity was optimal. Then, the bearing capacities of LSRuCFST columns were investigated by domestic and international standards. Due to conservative predicted results, a modified computational formal for the LSRuCFST column bearing capacity was presented and verified by the test results of references.