# Severe Mycobacterium chelonae Infection Following Dermal Filler Injection: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge

## TL;DR

A woman developed a rare and severe infection from a cosmetic injection, highlighting the risks of such procedures and the need for early diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

First reported case of Mycobacterium chelonae infection following dermal filler injections in Europe.

## Key findings

- The infection progressed despite initial treatment, requiring surgery and long-term antibiotics.
- The case emphasizes the importance of early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach for effective management.
- Severe complications can arise from cosmetic procedures, even in healthy individuals.

## Abstract

This case report describes a challenging case of Mycobacterium chelonae infection in a 72-year-old immunocompetent woman following poly-L-lactic acid injection. This represents the first reported case of Mycobacterium chelonae ​​​​infection following dermal filler injections in Europe. Despite initial empiric therapy, the infection progressed, requiring multiple surgical debridements and prolonged antibiotic therapy with significant side effects. This report highlights the challenges of diagnosing and treating Mycobacterium chelonae infections, emphasizing the importance of early recognition, a multidisciplinary approach, and susceptibility-guided antibiotic therapy. The gravity of this case underscores the potential for severe complications following seemingly minor cosmetic procedures, even in immunocompetent individuals. It highlights the need for a high index of suspicion and prompt medical attention.