# Analyzing Online Search Trends for Kidney, Prostate, and Bladder Cancers in China: Infodemiology Study Using Baidu Search Data (2011-2023)

## TL;DR

This study uses Baidu search data to analyze public interest in bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers in China from 2011 to 2023, revealing trends and regional differences in online information-seeking behavior.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel infodemiological approach to assess public concerns and information needs about genitourinary cancers in China using Baidu search trends.

## Key findings

- Search interest in genitourinary cancers increased overall, with the highest average annual percentage change for prostate cancer.
- East China accounted for about 30% of all cancer-related searches, indicating regional disparities in information-seeking behavior.
- User demand for treatment-related information was limited, suggesting a gap in public understanding or access to health resources.

## Abstract

Cancers of the bladder, kidney, and prostate are the 3 major genitourinary cancers that significantly contribute to the global burden of disease (GBD) and continue to show increasing rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In mainland China, understanding the cancer burden on patients and their families is crucial; however, public awareness and concerns about these cancers, particularly from the patient’s perspective, remain predominantly focused on financial costs. A more comprehensive exploration of their needs and concerns has yet to be fully addressed.

This study aims to analyze trends in online searches and user information–seeking behaviors related to bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers—encompassing descriptive terms (eg, “bladder cancer,” “kidney cancer,” “prostate cancer”) as well as related synonyms and variations—on both national and regional scales. This study leverages data from mainland China’s leading search engine to explore the implications of these search patterns for addressing user needs and improving health management.

The study analyzed Baidu Index search trends for bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers (from January 2011 to August 2023) at national and provincial levels. Search volume data were analyzed using the joinpoint regression model to calculate annual percentage changes (APCs) and average APCs (AAPCs), identifying shifts in public interest. User demand was assessed by categorizing the top 10 related terms weekly into 13 predefined topics, including diagnosis, treatment, and traditional Chinese medicine. Data visualization and statistical analyses were performed using Prism 9. Results revealed keyword trends, demographic distributions, and public information needs, offering insights into health communication and management strategies based on online information-seeking behavior.

Three cancer topics were analyzed using 39 search keywords, yielding a total Baidu Search Index (BSI) of 43,643,453. From 2011 to 2015, the overall APC was 15.2% (P<.05), followed by –2.8% from 2015 to 2021, and 8.9% from 2021 to 2023, with an AAPC of 4.9%. Bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers exhibited AAPCs of 2.8%, 3.9%, and 6.8%, respectively (P<.05). The age distribution of individuals searching for these cancer topics varied across the topics. Geographically, searches for cancer were predominantly conducted by people from East China, who accounted for approximately 30% of each cancer search query. Regarding user demand, the total BSI for relevant user demand terms from August 2022 to August 2023 was 676,526,998 out of 2,570,697,380 (15.74%), representing only a limited total cancer-related search volume.

Online searches and inquiries related to genitourinary cancers are on the rise. The depth of users’ information demands appears to be influenced by regional economic levels. Cancer treatment decision-making may often involve a family-centered approach. Insights from internet search data can help medical professionals better understand public interests and concerns, enabling them to provide more targeted and reliable health care services.