# Heads up for concussion, what do emergency physicians know? A scoping review

## TL;DR

Emergency physicians have significant knowledge gaps in managing concussions, and efforts are needed to improve their adherence to guidelines.

## Contribution

This scoping review identifies gaps in emergency physicians' knowledge of concussion management and highlights the need for targeted educational interventions.

## Key findings

- 14 of 17 studies found knowledge gaps among emergency physicians regarding concussion management.
- Only three studies included educational interventions, suggesting a lack of focus on improving physician knowledge.
- There is limited adherence to current clinical guidelines for concussion diagnosis and management in emergency departments.

## Abstract

Concussion is a common condition, with sources estimating between 1.2% and 6.6% of all ED presentations are related to head injury, and concussion has significant healthcare costs. In April 2023, the UK Government published guidelines for diagnosis and management of concussions in grassroots sport, recommending anyone that has sustained a suspected concussion has a same day review by an appropriate healthcare professional. It is therefore essential that emergency medicine physicians have the required knowledge and use current clinical practice guidelines in managing suspected concussions presenting to their departments. This scoping review aims to review the current literature regarding concussion knowledge, diagnosis and management amongst emergency physicians.

This scoping review was conducted using the six-step process laid out by Arksey and O’Malley and included 17 papers from January 2012 to February 2023, identified by searching 5 online databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar) in February 2023 alongside a hand search of references. Search terms relevant to concussion, emergency medicine and medical education were used.

14 of the 17 papers originated from North America, all studies utilised either an online survey or chart review methodology. 3 papers included an educational intervention. 12 studies looked at all grades of EMPs. 14 of the studies highlighted knowledge gaps amongst EMPs, the 3 that did not specifically mention this were the 3 interventional studies.

EMPs have large knowledge gaps regarding concussion and limited adherence to current guidelines. Efforts should be made at improving these results amongst EMPs. Further research is needed to find the most beneficial and cost-effective approach to improving concussion knowledge of concussion diagnosis and management in EDs, particularly within the UK.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-025-01091-9.