# A Simple AMC Antenna for Liquid Monitoring in an Infusion Bag

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a low-cost AMC antenna for detecting when liquid runs out in an infusion bag, improving medical monitoring.

## Contribution

A novel AMC antenna design for liquid monitoring in infusion bags with improved sensitivity and performance.

## Key findings

- The antenna operates at 2.4 GHz without liquid and 2.0 GHz with liquid, enabling accurate sensing.
- It achieves high peak gain (6.45 dBi) and radiation efficiency (98%) in the without-liquid state.
- The design is compact, flexible, and suitable for biomedical wireless sensing applications.

## Abstract

Running-out detection of the liquids in an infusion bag is important for medical treatment. This paper proposed a simple low-cost sensing scheme with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) antenna for liquid-running-out detection in infusion bags. The proposed antenna consists of a dipole antenna supported by an AMC layer. It operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band in the without-liquid state, in the 2.0 GHz ISM band in the with-liquid state, and can be used for liquid sensing. The AMC layer isolates interference from the surrounding environment such as the standing pole. It also enhances antenna performance and improves monitoring sensitivity. This gives a peak gain of 6.45 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 98% in the without-liquid state. Meanwhile, the with-liquid state can achieve a peak gain of 4.5 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 93%. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured, verifying its sensing performance of the liquid in the infusion bag. This antenna’s design is flexible, compact, precise, and suitable for biomedical wireless sensing.