# AI-Powered Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Imaging Using the Priori-to-Attention Network (P2AN) for Wearable Health Monitoring

## TL;DR

This paper introduces P2AN, an AI method that improves noninvasive heart monitoring using wearable devices by accurately reconstructing cardiac electrical activity from body surface signals.

## Contribution

The Priori-to-Attention Network (P2AN) is a novel AI framework that integrates physiological knowledge to stabilize and enhance electrocardiographic imaging.

## Key findings

- P2AN improves transmembrane potential reconstruction and lesion localization for diagnosing heart conditions.
- The method is robust in noisy environments, making it suitable for wearable electrocardiographic clothing.
- P2AN achieves high spatiotemporal accuracy and noise resilience for real-time cardiovascular monitoring.

## Abstract

The rapid development of smart wearable devices has significantly advanced noninvasive, continuous health monitoring, enabling real-time collection of vital biosignals. Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI), a noninvasive technique that reconstructs transmembrane potential (TMP) from body surface potential, has emerged as a promising method for reflecting cardiac electrical activity. However, the ECG inverse problem’s inherent instability has hindered its practical application. To address this, we introduce a novel Priori-to-Attention Network (P2AN) that enhances the stability of ECGI solutions. By leveraging the one-dimensional nature of electrical signals and the body’s electrical propagation properties, P2AN uses small-scale convolutions for attention computation, integrating a priori physiological knowledge via cross-attention mechanisms. This approach eliminates the need for clinical TMP measurements and improves solution accuracy through normalization constraints. We evaluate the method’s effectiveness in diagnosing myocardial ischemia and ventricular hypertrophy, demonstrating significant improvements in TMP reconstruction and lesion localization. Moreover, P2AN exhibits high robustness in noisy environments, making it highly suitable for integration with wearable electrocardiographic clothing. By improving spatiotemporal accuracy and noise resilience, P2AN offers a promising solution for noninvasive, real-time cardiovascular monitoring using AI-powered wearable devices.