# Insights into Functions of Universal Stress Proteins Encoded by Genomes of Gastric Cancer Pathogen Helicobacter pylori and Related Bacteria

## TL;DR

This paper explores the functions of universal stress proteins in Helicobacter pylori and related bacteria, linking them to stress responses and virulence.

## Contribution

The study identifies 25 functional site patterns in USP proteins and links USP genes to oxidative stress and virulence-related genes.

## Key findings

- USP genes in Helicobacter and Wolinella are often adjacent to genes involved in oxidative stress and DNA uptake.
- 25 functional site patterns were identified in USP sequences to guide functional interaction studies.
- Transcriptomic data suggest USP gene expression is regulated by oxidative stress and virulence factors.

## Abstract

The genes that encode the universal stress protein (USP) family domain (pfam00582) aid the survival of bacteria in specific host or habitat-induced stress conditions. Genome sequencing revealed that the genome of Helicobacter pylori, a gastric cancer pathogen, typically contains one USP gene, while related helicobacters have one or two distinct USP genes. However, insights into the functions of Helicobacteraceae (Helicobacter and Wolinella) USP genes are still limited to inferences from large-scale genome sequencing. Thus, we have combined bioinformatics and visual analytics approaches to conduct a more comprehensive data investigation of a set of 1045 universal stress protein sequences encoded in 1014 genomes including 785 Helicobacter pylori genomes. The study generated a representative set of 183 USP sequences consisting of 180 Helicobacter sequences, two Wolinella succinogenes sequences, and a sequence from a related campylobacteria. We used the amino acid residues and positions of the 12 possible functional sites in 1030 sequences to identify 25 functional sites patterns for guiding studies on functional interactions of Helicobacteraceae USPs with ATP and other molecules. Genomic context searches and analysis identified USP genes of gastric and enterohepatic helicobacters that are adjacent or in operons with genes for proteins responsive to DNA-damaging oxidative stress (ATP-dependent proteases: ClpS and ClpA); and DNA uptake proteins (natural competence for transformation proteins: ComB6, ComB7, ComB8, ComB9, ComB10, ComBE, and conjugative transfer signal peptidase TraF). Since transcriptomic evidence indicates that oxidative stress and the presence of virulence-associated genes regulate the transcription of H. pylori USP gene, we recommend further research on Helicobacter USP genes and their neighboring genes in oxidative stress response and virulence of helicobacters. To facilitate the reuse of data and research, we produced interactive analytics resources of a dataset composed of values for variables including phylogeography of H. pylori strains, protein sequence features, and gene neighborhood.