# Effects of Bromelain and Papain in Tooth Whitening and Caries Removal: A Literature Review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how bromelain and papain enzymes can whiten teeth and treat cavities safely without harsh chemicals.

## Contribution

The paper provides a literature review on the novel use of bromelain and papain as alternatives to hydrogen peroxide in dental treatments.

## Key findings

- Bromelain and papain can effectively whiten teeth by degrading salivary proteins.
- These enzymes can atraumatically remove damaged dental tissue related to caries.
- Studies suggest bromelain and papain are safe and efficient for dental applications.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: The objective of this review is to establish a solid base of information regarding the use of proteolytic enzymes to replace hydrogen peroxide/carbamide in teeth whitening products. The use of proteolytic enzymes, such as bromelain and papain, can provide surprising results for solving two important aspects related to dental aesthetics: tooth whitening and the chemo-mechanical removal of damaged dental tissue. Due to their ability to degrade salivary proteins, these enzymes can be used successfully as active agents in tooth whitening and in the atraumatic treatment of caries without being accompanied by other side effects on dental components. Methods: Random-effects meta-analyses were performed with enzymes (bromelain, papain) used in dentistry. A keyword search of scientific publications was conducted using the Google Academic, Web of Science and PubMed search engines. Results: The results were systematized in the present work in two parts: bromelain and papain effects in tooth whitening and chemo-mechanical/atraumatic removal of damaged dental tissues. Conclusions: The findings from different studies and clinical reports indicate that bromelain and papain could be considered efficient and safe therapeutic agents not only in various medical conditions but also in dental problems.