# Biorecognition-Based Nanodiagnostics: Maltotriose-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bacterial Infections

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a new MRI contrast agent using maltotriose-coated magnetic nanoparticles that can specifically detect bacterial infections in the body.

## Contribution

The novel use of maltotriose-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles enables specific targeting and imaging of bacterial infections.

## Key findings

- Maltotriose-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles showed >50% MRI signal change at infection sites in a rat model.
- The nanoparticles exhibited minimal signal change (<10%) in sterile inflammatory lesions.
- The system enabled clear differentiation between bacterial infections and noninfectious inflammation via MRI.

## Abstract

Bacterial infections remain a global healthcare challenge, requiring precise diagnostic modalities to guide therapeutic interventions. Current molecular imaging agents predominantly detect nonspecific hemodynamic alterations and lack pathogen-specific targeting capabilities for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Leveraging the selective bacterial uptake of maltotriose via the maltodextrin transport pathway, we engineered maltotriose-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Malt-MNPs) as a novel MRI contrast agent. Basic physicochemical characterization confirmed the nanosystem’s colloidal stability, biocompatibility, and superparamagnetism (saturation magnetization > 50 emu/g). In a rat bacterial infection model, intravenously administered Malt-MNPs selectively accumulated at infection sites, inducing a >50% MRI signal change within 24 h while exhibiting minimal off-target retention in sterile inflammatory lesions (<10% signal change). This specificity enabled clear MRI-based differentiation between bacterial infections and noninfectious inflammation. These findings provide a promising strategy for clinical translation in infection imaging and treatment.