Recurrent pleural effusion: a case of metastatic melanoma 12 years after initial diagnosis

TL;DR

This case report describes a rare instance of melanoma metastasis causing pleural effusion 12 years after the initial diagnosis, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring.

Contribution

The novelty lies in documenting a metastatic melanoma case with a 12-year latency period before pleural effusion occurred.

Findings

Melanoma can cause pleural effusion even 12 years after initial diagnosis.

Amelanotic pleural effusion is a rare but possible manifestation of metastatic melanoma.

Long-term follow-up is essential for melanoma patients due to delayed metastasis.

Abstract

Pleural effusion caused by metastatic melanoma is uncommon, occurring in only 2% of cases, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Despite its rarity, it is critical to consider melanoma as a potential underlying cause when evaluating pleural effusion, especially in patients with a history of melanoma. Most metastases occur within the first 3–5 years after diagnosis. This case report highlights an unusual presentation of amelanotic pleural effusion that developed 12 years after the initial melanoma diagnosis. The prolonged latency emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up for patients and maintaining a high suspicion of melanoma when evaluating metastatic pleural effusion.

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