Multi-faceted nutritional science demonstrated through the prism of sugar: a scoping review on sugar intake and association with quality of life in children and adolescents

TL;DR

This review explores how sugar intake in children and adolescents is linked to lower quality of life, beyond just physical health effects.

Contribution

The study expands the understanding of sugar's impact by examining its association with quality of life dimensions beyond non-communicable diseases.

Findings

Most studies found adverse associations between sugar intake and quality of life outcomes in children and adolescents.

The review identified associations in areas like sleep, oral health, and mental health-related quality of life.

Only one study reported no association between sugar consumption and quality of life measures.

Abstract

To strengthen the scientific evidence linking dietary sugar consumption with health outcomes, it's essential to look beyond the usual focus on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and tooth decay. We thus hypothesize that considering other dimensions of health beyond physical health will meaningfully complement the evidence and expand our understanding of the relationship between nutrition and health.

The aim of this scoping review was to explore the scientific evidence of an association between dietary sugar intake and quality of life (QoL) among healthy children and adolescents.

We performed a literature search in three databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). The search included all types of studies assessing dietary sugar intake in association with QoL, in children and adolescents published in English between January 2001 and January 2023.

Twenty-one full-text eligible papers were included in this review: one intervention, two prospective cohort studies, and 18 cross-sectional studies. The number of participants ranged from 25 to 65,000 and age of the participants ranged from 4 to 19 years. The studies differed considerably in exposure and outcome measures. For further qualitative analyses, the studies were categorized into studies related to different dimensions of QoL: food security (n = 4), sleep-related outcomes (n = 5), oral (n = 3) and (mental) health-related QoL (n = 9). Altogether, one study reported a null while the remaining 20 studies found adverse associations between intake of sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), or sweets and outcome measures of QoL.

Through this scoping review, a number of scientific studies have revealed an association between sugar intake among children and adolescents and health-related QoL. The findings underscore a negative association. Our review emphasizes the crucial imperative of embracing a broader spectrum of health dimensions to gain a more wholistic understanding of nutrition, especially in collecting science-based evidence for the development of health policies, including dietary guidelines.

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