# Miniaturized Tract Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Pelvic Stone Management in a Two-Year-Old: A Case Report and Review of Literature

## TL;DR

A two-year-old girl successfully underwent a miniaturized kidney stone removal procedure, showing it can be a safe option for young children.

## Contribution

Demonstrates the safety and efficacy of miniaturized PCNL for treating kidney stones in very young pediatric patients.

## Key findings

- Mini-PCNL achieved a high stone-free rate in a two-year-old patient.
- The procedure had a low complication rate in this young pediatric case.
- Mini-PCNL is a viable alternative for kidney stone removal in small children.

## Abstract

Renal lithiasis in pediatric patients, although rare, affects children of all ages and both genders. Endourology has recently emerged as a safe and effective method for treating stones in children, thanks to advances in equipment and growing experience with retrograde and percutaneous treatments in adults. However, performing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in this age group presents unique challenges due to the smaller anatomical dimensions.

We describe the case of a two-year-old girl with a history of multiple febrile urinary tract infections. A computed tomography (CT) scan shows a stone in the pelvis of the left kidney, measuring 7.43 x 5.64 x 10 mm with a density of 450 HU and no evidence of hydronephrosis. The patient was treated with a single session of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL).

Mini-PCNL presents a safe and effective option for treating kidney stones in pediatric patients. This approach demonstrates a high stone-free rate and low complication incidence, making it a viable alternative for young patients requiring stone removal.