Factors associated with aspects of functioning one year after hospitalization due to COVID-19

TL;DR

This study identifies factors linked to reduced functioning one year after hospitalization for COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of rehabilitation assessments.

Contribution

The study reveals that factors like age, sex, and physical fatigue, rather than initial disease severity, predict long-term functioning after COVID-19.

Findings

Older age, female sex, and physical fatigue were significantly associated with lower functioning one year after hospitalization.

Initial severity of COVID-19 did not significantly affect functioning at one year.

Many patients showed acceptable lung function but faced mobility and functional challenges.

Abstract

To identify factors, present at 3 months after COVID-19 that are associated with the level of functioning 1 year after hospitalization.

Multicenter prospective observational study.

Region Västra Götaland Sweden.

Patients ≥ 18 years of age who were followed regarding body functions and activities 3 months and 1 year after discharge from a hospitalization for COVID-19.

Patient-reported outcome measures at 3 months and 1 year, a clinical follow-up at 1 year, and clinical information retrieved from medical charts.

In total 169 participants were included in the analysis, including 113 males (67%). The mean patient age was 66 (standard deviation (SD) 13, range 21–95). One year after hospitalization, 50 (34%) participants were under the normative value for forced vital capacity and 57 (39%) were under normative value for forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The mean walking distance was 441 m (SD 118 m) in the 6-minute walking test, and 62 (40%) patients reported mobility problems. Older age, female sex, and more self-reported symptoms of physical fatigue were significantly associated with lower levels of functioning 1 year after COVID-19. The initial severity of COVID-19 did not significantly influence functioning at 1 year.

Previously hospitalized individuals with respiratory difficulties 1 year after COVID-19 may present acceptable lung function on spirometry but be close to their maximal functional performance. The findings highlight the need for in-depth assessments to identify rehabilitation needs.

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