# Understanding non-nutritive oral behaviors in dairy calves (Bos taurus): A systematic review protocol

## TL;DR

This paper outlines a systematic review protocol to study non-nutritive oral behaviors in dairy calves and how farm management affects these behaviors.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a structured protocol for reviewing farm management interventions to mitigate non-nutritive oral behaviors in calves.

## Key findings

- The review will assess the occurrence, frequency, and duration of non-nutritive oral behaviors in calves.
- It will evaluate the impact of farm management practices on these behaviors.
- Findings will inform recommendations to reduce cross-sucking and similar behaviors.

## Abstract

This protocol outlines the proposed aims, rationale, study design, methods, and dissemination plan for a systematic review focusing on non-nutritive oral behaviors in dairy calves. The primary outcome measures of interest are the occurrence, frequency, and duration of these behaviors, with a specific focus on cross-sucking of pen mates. The review assesses how farm management interventions affect the occurrence, frequency, and duration of non-nutritive oral behaviors in dairy calves and informs recommendations regarding management practices that mitigate cross-sucking and other non-nutritive oral behaviors. Where applicable, PRISMA-P guidelines are followed, and all data will be made publicly available at the time of publication.