# Intestinal antibody repertoire is altered by diabetes and varies depending on the pathogenesis

## TL;DR

This study shows that diabetes affects the antibody repertoire in the intestine, and these effects vary depending on the type of diabetes.

## Contribution

The study reveals that diabetes alters intestinal IgA repertoires differently depending on disease pathogenesis.

## Key findings

- Antibody levels in the small intestine increase in KK-Ay diabetic mice.
- Intestinal IgA repertoires change significantly in diabetic mouse models.
- The nature of IgA repertoire changes differs between high-fat diet and genetic diabetes models.

## Abstract

Intestinal immunity is an important system for host defense and it is influenced by various factors such as diet and diseases. To elucidate the relationship between intestinal immunity and type 2 diabetes, we analyzed the effects of diabetes on intestinal antibody production and IgA repertoire using high-fat diet-fed mice and genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice model. The antibody level in the small intestine increased only in KK-Ay mice. We also confirmed that the IgA repertoire in both models experienced significant changes when compared to that in control mice, and no shared characteristics were observed between the two diabetic models. Antibody production in the intestine is influenced by stimuli associated with the onset of diabetes, and the types of induced IgA would differ depending on the process of disease onset.

•In KK-Ay mice, antibody production is increased in the intestine.•In a diabetic mouse model, intestinal IgA repertoire changes significantly.•Changes in intestinal IgA repertoire differ according to the type of model of diabetes.

In KK-Ay mice, antibody production is increased in the intestine.

In a diabetic mouse model, intestinal IgA repertoire changes significantly.

Changes in intestinal IgA repertoire differ according to the type of model of diabetes.