# Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis: Two Rare Cases With Diagnostic Mimics and a Novel Central Nervous System Disease Association

## TL;DR

This paper presents two rare cases of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis and highlights new associations with central nervous system diseases.

## Contribution

The paper reports a novel association between disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis and central nervous system diseases.

## Key findings

- Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis can mimic benign and malignant peritoneal conditions.
- A novel link between DPL and central nervous system diseases was identified in one case.
- Premenopausal age and prior abdominal surgery are common features in DPL cases.

## Abstract

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare benign smooth muscle tumor that proliferates along the peritoneal surface and is mostly reported in young women. Our cases highlight the wide clinical and radiologic mimics of DPL, including primary peritoneal (mesothelial) entities and malignant processes like metastasis or pseudomyxoma peritonei. Both cases shared common findings of premenopausal age (hormonal influence) and a history of prior abdominal surgery. One case was clinically thought to be benign multicystic mesothelioma, while the other had a history of medulloblastoma as a child, followed by recurrent meningiomas. The presentation of multiple previous tumors in the latter case is an unusual association with DPL that has not been previously described. Here, we discuss the existing literature on the etiology and differential diagnosis of DPL, report our histopathologic findings, and highlight novel central nervous system (CNS) disease associations with DPL.