# Risk Factors Associated With Coronary Disease in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews risk factors for coronary artery disease in Saudi Arabia, highlighting diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking as key contributors.

## Contribution

The study provides a comprehensive review of CAD risk factors specific to Saudi Arabia using the PICO model.

## Key findings

- Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking are significant risk factors for CAD in Saudi Arabia.
- Public health interventions and education are needed to address these risk factors effectively.

## Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has become a major health challenge across the globe and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in several countries. In Saudi Arabia, recent studies have emphasized the burden of CAD. Therefore, in this study, we aim to assess the risk factors associated with CAD in Saudi Arabia. The Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) model was used to refine the research question, which defined patients with CAD and identified risk factors and prevention strategies. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from January 1, 2010, until December 1, 2024. The common risk factors were diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking, indicating their significant impact on health outcomes and the urgency for focus prevention strategies such as education and routine clinical screening. The risk factors contributing to CAD emphasize the need for targeted public health intervention and improvement in the management of risk factors in addition to specific health education content to improve healthy habits in the community.