# The Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Polish Version of the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale Tool

## TL;DR

This study adapts and validates a stress assessment tool for Polish nurses, showing it is reliable and valid for measuring work-related stress.

## Contribution

The paper provides a validated Polish version of the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) through a rigorous cross-cultural adaptation process.

## Key findings

- Each subscale of the Polish ENSS is unique yet interconnected as dimensions of stress.
- The Polish ENSS version is valid and reliable for assessing stress in nurses.
- The cross-cultural adaptation process followed six of the seven recommended steps effectively.

## Abstract

Nursing is considered one of the most stressful occupational groups. Work-related stress is a major health risk for workers worldwide. Therefore, it is critical to continually monitor nurses' stress levels based on important aspects of nurses' work identified as stressors.

A total of 331 nurses participated. The cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument was carried out based on six of the seven steps proposed: forward translation of ENSS, comparison of the two translated versions, blind back translation, comparison of the two back-translated versions of ENSS, pilot testing of the prefinal version of ENSS, and full-psychometric testing of the prefinal version of the translated instrument. The reliability of the scales was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega internal consistency coefficients.

The results indicate that each of the distinguished subscales is unique, but at the same time, they are all related to each other as different dimensions of stress.

The Polish version of the ENSS tool is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the level of stress experienced by nurses.