# Impact of self-reported SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity on cardiac structure and function: findings from UK Biobank CMR cohort

## TL;DR

This study explores how SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity affects heart structure and function using data from the UK Biobank, finding subtle changes and a higher risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the cardiac effects of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity using a prospective cohort and CMR imaging.

## Key findings

- SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity was associated with subtle decreases in cardiac output and cardiac index within 110 days.
- Seropositive individuals showed elevated native T1 values, suggesting possible myocardial changes.
- Antibody positivity was linked to an increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.

## Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity, whether due to natural infection or vaccination, is known to be associated with specific cardiac and vascular damage, yet its impact on cardiac structure and function in prospective cohorts remains incompletely understood.

We aimed to assess cardiac changes in the UK Biobank cohort among individuals with self-reported seropositive results for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

UK Biobank participants with self-reported serological results for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, who underwent their first cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) scan after 2019 were included. Cardiac changes potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity were assessed, with measurements of left ventricular (LV) parameters, including volume, dimensions, wall thickness, myocardial mass, cardiac output (CO), and cardiac index (CI), manually extracted from the CMR images. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to pair seropositive and seronegative individuals. Native T1 was used to assess the within-subject changes in seropositive individuals. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between SARS-CoV-2 antibody status and the incidence of LV hypertrophy.

A total of 720 participants were included, with 453 individuals self-reporting as SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive. After PSM, 261 participants remained in each group. Over an average follow-up period of 110 days, significant decreases in CO and CI were observed in the paired participants. Additionally, native T1 values appeared to be elevated in seropositive participants (852.77 ± 53.55 ms vs. 860.01 ± 47.81 ms, P = 0.012). Logistic regression analysis in the overall cohort indicated an association between SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity and an increased risk of LV hypertrophy, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.257 [95% CI (1.036–10.239), P = 0.043].

Our findings suggest subtle cardiac changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity within approximately hundred days. SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity appeared to be associated with an increased risk of LV hypertrophy. However, these results are exploratory, and further longitudinal studies with extended follow-up are needed to better understand the long-term cardiac impact of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity.