# Josef Albers’ Structural Constellations: Investigating Formulations of Laminated Plastics Through Correlating the Industrial Literature with Scientific Analysis

## TL;DR

This paper explores how artist Josef Albers used laminated plastics in his artworks, combining historical research with scientific analysis to understand his material choices.

## Contribution

The study uniquely correlates archival data with scientific methods to reveal Albers' evolving use of plastic laminates.

## Key findings

- FTIR spectroscopy identified specific polymer types used in Albers' works.
- Digital microscopy revealed surface morphology changes over time.
- Chemometric analysis showed how material choices affected visual and structural outcomes.

## Abstract

Josef Albers’ Structural Constellations series, created between 1948 and 1966, represents a pioneering exploration of plastic laminates as an artistic medium. Leveraging the unique properties of these materials, including their smooth surfaces, vibrant coloration, and precision in router engraving, Albers created machine-engraved works featuring intricate geometric compositions. This study combines archival research with scientific analysis to examine over fifty artworks and archival samples from the Josef and Anni Albers Foundation (1948–1970). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and digital microscopy were employed to identify polymer types and analyze surface morphologies. Chemometric methods were applied to process the substantial dataset, offering key insights into Albers’ evolving material choices and their impact on the visual and structural properties of his works.