# Study on Vibration Characteristics of Functionally Graded Material Composite Spherical Piezoelectric Transducer

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a new spherical piezoelectric transducer made of functionally graded materials and analyzes how its design affects its vibration performance.

## Contribution

A novel functionally graded material composite spherical piezoelectric transducer is introduced with a validated electromechanical model.

## Key findings

- The non-uniform coefficient and geometric dimensions significantly influence the transducer's vibration characteristics.
- The electromechanical model was verified using finite element analysis and experiments.
- The design can guide engineering applications in marine and energy fields.

## Abstract

Non-uniform composite structures for transducers exhibit considerable potential in enhancing impedance matching and efficiency. Here, a functionally graded material composite spherical piezoelectric transducer (FGM-cSPT) is proposed, and a three-port electromechanical equivalent circuit model is established. The correctness of the theoretical model is verified using the finite element method and experiment. Based on the theoretical model, the effects of the non-uniform coefficient and the geometric dimension of FGM-cSPT on the electromechanical vibration characteristics (resonance frequency, anti-resonance frequency, and effective electromechanical coupling coefficient) of the transducer are analyzed. The results show that the non-uniform coefficient and geometric dimension can effectively regulate the vibration characteristics of the FGM-cSPT, which can be used to guide engineering design. Our methodology will offer possibilities for designing FGM-cSPTs and may promote applications in various fields, such as marine exploitation, structural health detection, and energy collection.