# High Purity, Crystallinity and Electromechanical Sensitivity of Lead-Free (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.10Ti0.90)O3 Synthesized Using an EDTA/glycerol Modified Pechini Method

## TL;DR

This paper presents a new method to synthesize a lead-free ceramic material with high purity and excellent electromechanical properties at lower temperatures.

## Contribution

The use of EDTA and glycerol in a modified Pechini method enables lower-temperature synthesis and improved material properties.

## Key findings

- The material achieves a tetragonal structure at 900 °C, 300 °C lower than conventional methods.
- The synthesized material exhibits high electromechanical sensitivity with d33 = 451 pC/N and d31 = 160 pC/N.
- The method results in a homogeneous grain size distribution and high relative density (91%).

## Abstract

A single (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.10Ti0.90)O3 phase material with a tetragonal structure is processed and synthesized with a modified Pechini method using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and glycerol as chelating and esterifying agents, respectively. The complete chemical transformation to the desired phase is achieved at 900 °C, which is 300 °C lower than conventional synthesis methods. Its consolidation, reaching up to 91% relative density, is carried out at 1400 °C. It is clearly demonstrated that the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and glycerol reagents is particularly beneficial for inducing a homogeneous grain size distribution (10 μm), which leads to very promising electromechanical properties (d33 = 451 pC/N; d31 = 160 pC/N; kp = 0.40; ε′33T = 4790 and Qm = 358) of the densified system.