# Air Pollution-Associated Rhinitis: Exploring the Preventive Role of Nutritional Supplements Against Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation

## TL;DR

This review explores how air pollution, especially particulate matter, contributes to rhinitis and investigates whether nutritional supplements can help prevent or reduce inflammation caused by this pollution.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in reviewing the potential of nutritional supplements like kefir peptides and probiotics to mitigate inflammation from particulate matter exposure.

## Key findings

- Particulate matter exposure is linked to increased prevalence and worsening of rhinitis through inflammatory mechanisms.
- Nutritional supplements such as vitamin D and probiotics may help reduce PM-induced inflammation.
- Current evidence on the effectiveness of these supplements is limited and requires further research.

## Abstract

Air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), poses a significant health risk worldwide, with rhinitis emerging as a prevalent respiratory condition. This review explores the association between air pollution and rhinitis, focusing on PM-induced inflammation and the potential preventive role of nutritional supplements. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases, covering studies from inception to 2024 that investigated air pollution, rhinitis, and nutritional interventions. This review synthesizes evidence linking PM exposure to increased prevalence and exacerbation of rhinitis through various inflammatory mechanisms. We further examine the potential of nutritional supplements, including kefir peptides, lactoferrin, vitamin D, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics, in mitigating PM-induced inflammation and rhinitis symptoms. However, the evidence regarding the role of these supplements in modulating immune responses and reducing inflammation related to PM-induced rhinitis is limited. This review highlights the potential efficacy of nutritional interventions in preventing and managing air pollution-associated rhinitis, offering a complementary approach to environmental regulations in addressing this public health challenge.