# Optimization of Injection Molding Process for High-Strength and Lightweight Back Rest of Firefighters Using Carbon Fiber Composites of Long Fiber Thermoplastic with Flame Retardants

## TL;DR

This paper explores using carbon fiber composites to make firefighters' gear lighter and safer without losing strength.

## Contribution

A 12.8% weight reduction in firefighter backrests using carbon fiber composites with flame retardants is achieved.

## Key findings

- Carbon fiber composites with 30 wt.% content achieved 85 MPa tensile strength.
- AF-480 flame retardant at 5 wt.% improved fire resistance effectively.
- Taguchi method optimized injection molding for strength and weight reduction.

## Abstract

This study focuses on reducing the weight of oxygen respirators in firefighters’ personal protective equipment (PPE), which currently accounts for about 56% of the total weight. The heavy PPE, weighing between 20 and 25 kg, restricts movement and can lead to musculoskeletal injuries. To address this, the study investigates using a carbon fiber-reinforced composite for the backrest of the oxygen respirator to reduce weight while maintaining strength. The backrest was fabricated using a long-fiber thermoplastic (LFT) composite made with PA66 resin and 30 wt.% carbon fiber content. Initially, the injection-molding process conditions were identified to achieve a tensile strength of 85 MPa or higher. Additionally, flame retardants were added to improve fire resistance, with AF-480 at 5 wt.% found to be the best option. Subsequently, optimal injection conditions were set by fabricating the back rest with the composite by applying the Taguchi method to satisfy the required tensile strength. As a result, the composite material achieved a 12.8% weight reduction while maintaining the required strength. This development is expected to significantly improve firefighter safety, leading to more effective firefighting and reduced human and property damage.