# Factors Influencing the Choice of Conservative and Surgical Procedures in Dental Patients from Poland: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

## TL;DR

This study examines how age, gender, and tooth type influence dental treatment choices in Poland, revealing differences in conservative and surgical procedures.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into demographic and tooth-specific influences on dental treatment decisions in a Polish university center.

## Key findings

- Females, especially younger ones, preferred restorative procedures, while older males opted for surgical treatments.
- Endodontic treatments were most common in males aged 18–30 for maxillary anterior teeth and premolars.
- Molar extractions in the mandible were the most frequent surgical procedure, while maxillary canines and premolars were more likely treated conservatively.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Oral health behaviors can be shaped by various factors, both global (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) and individual (e.g., gender, age). This retrospective study aims to assess the factors influencing the choice between conservative and surgical dental procedures among patients based on the example of the university specialized center in Poznan. Methods: We explored the patient dataset from the University Center of Dentistry and Specialized Medicine (Poznan, Poland), covering the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. A total of 182,654 medical records were analyzed, focusing on procedures such as restorations, endodontic interventions, and extractions. Multivariate logistic regression and multidimensional correspondence analyses were employed to assess the impact of demographic factors (age and gender) and tooth-specific characteristics on clinical decisions. Results: Females, particularly younger, were more likely to choose restorative procedures, while males, especially those over 50, predominantly underwent surgical procedures. Endodontic treatments were most common in males aged 18–30, primarily for maxillary anterior teeth and premolars. Molar extractions, especially in the mandible, were the most frequent surgical procedure. Maxillary teeth, particularly canines and premolars, were more likely to be treated conservatively. Conclusions: Economic factors, limited treatment access, and variations in patient preference influenced the observed patterns. Despite a national trend toward increased conservative treatments, disparities persisted based on age, gender, and tooth type. These findings emphasize the need for targeted prevention strategies and equitable access to advanced dental care.