# From Theory to Practice: Advanced Nonlinear Optics and Multicolor, Tunable Fluorescence of Acedan Dyes

## TL;DR

This study explores the advanced optical properties of Acedan dyes, showing their potential for use in sensors, displays, and other optical technologies.

## Contribution

The study reveals new nonlinear optical and multicolor fluorescence properties of Acedan dyes, expanding their potential applications.

## Key findings

- ADN derivatives show strong third harmonic generation signals compared to silica.
- Acedan dyes exhibit photoinduced birefringence and polychromatic fluorescence.
- Energy transfer between dyes in multi-dye arrangements is confirmed.

## Abstract

Acedan (ADN) and
its derivatives are versatile dyes known for their
donor–acceptor properties that can be fine-tuned for numerous
spectroscopic applications. Currently, they are widely used as fluorescent
probes for labeling biomolecules and cellular organelles. This study
examines the newly discovered multifunctionality of three ADN chromophores,
amplifying their application perspectives. We employ TD-DFT methods
to guide, discuss, and support experimental research. Furthermore,
by utilizing nonlinear optical (NLO) techniques such as the Maker
fringes method to evaluate third harmonic generation (THG) and all-optical
switching (optical Kerr effect, OKE), we show that ADN derivatives
exhibit remarkable NLO properties. Specifically, in THG experiments,
ADN1, ADN2, and ADN3 reveal signals approximately 2.5, 2.0, and 12.0
times stronger, respectively, than the reference material (silica).
Additionally, the OKE experiment confirms ADNs’ photoinduced
birefringence. Examined acedanes can also exhibit polychromatic fluorescence
and energy transfer between individual components in two- and three-dye
arrangements. Consequently, this comprehensive study offers valuable
insights for applications, such as light-emitting diodes, sensors,
projectors, and displays.