# Analysis of zinc and copper levels in very low birth weight infants using human milk additives: phase 1 trial findings

## TL;DR

This study found that human milk additives may not provide enough zinc for very low birth weight preterm infants.

## Contribution

The study evaluates the adequacy of human milk additives in maintaining zinc and copper levels in preterm infants.

## Key findings

- Zinc levels decreased significantly in infants over 21 days, regardless of additive type.
- No significant difference in copper levels was observed between the two groups.
- Human milk additives may not be sufficient to maintain adequate zinc levels in preterm infants.

## Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess whether the micronutrients zinc and copper, provided by human milk additives, are sufficient for very low birth weight preterm infants.

A phase 1 randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted with very low birth weight preterm infants. This is a secondary analysis of copper and zinc. Sixty-six newborns were part of the initial sample, with forty participating and reaching the final stage of the study. Inclusion criteria were: gestational age less than 37 weeks, birth weight greater than or equal to 750 g and less than or equal to 1500 g, small or appropriate for gestational age, exclusively receiving human milk at a volume greater than or equal to 100 mL per kilogram per day, and hemodynamically stable. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: intervention, Lioneo (received human milk with additive based on lyophilized human milk), n = 20, and control, HMCA (received human milk with commercial additive based on cow's milk protein), n = 20, and their serum levels of zinc and copper were measured on the first and twenty-first days.

There was a reduction in intragroup zinc serum levels from the first to the twenty-first day of the study (p < 0.01). There was no intergroup difference. No difference was found in serum copper levels.

Human milk additives were not sufficient to maintain adequate zinc serum levels in very low birth weight newborns. It was not possible to affirm whether human milk additives were sufficient to maintain adequate serum copper levels in the studied sample. UTN: U1111–1220–0550.