# Social networks and loneliness differ between LGBTIA and cis-heterosexual persons: results from a two-wave survey in Germany

## TL;DR

LGBTIA individuals in Germany report more loneliness and different social networks compared to cis-heterosexual individuals, with weekly family contact and relationship status playing a role.

## Contribution

This study explores how social network differences contribute to loneliness among LGBTIA individuals compared to cis-heterosexuals in Germany.

## Key findings

- LGBTIA individuals had less weekly contact with family compared to cis-heterosexuals.
- Identifying as LGBTIA was associated with increased social and emotional loneliness.
- Differences in social networks partially explain the higher risk of social loneliness among LGBTIA individuals.

## Abstract

Current research suggests LGBTIA persons to be lonelier than cis-heterosexual persons. While they rely more on friends than on family as support network, their social network and weekly contact to family and friends, as well as the association between the social network and loneliness have not been fully explored yet. The aim of this analysis was to examine differences in the social network between LGBTIA and cis-heterosexual persons in Germany, and how these differences affect loneliness. Data was collected through an online survey conducted in two independent waves in March/April 2020 and in January/February 2021. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the influence of the social network on loneliness. Of 6784 participants, 5442 identified as LGBTIA. Weekly contact to family was lower in the LGBTIA group than in cis-heterosexuals. LGBTIA were less likely to be in a relationship. Identifying as LGBTIA increased social and emotional loneliness. Differences in social network partly explained the risk for social loneliness of LGBTIA persons and, to a lower degree, the risk for emotional loneliness. We encourage health care professionals to inquire about sexual orientation, gender identity, and relationship status to raise awareness for feelings of loneliness and related health problems.