# Real-time rectal swab Xpert Carba-R assay for early warning of CRO bloodstream infection in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a clinical feasibility study

**Authors:** 岱蓉 谢, 晨静 千, 紫璇 李, 威 石, 照东 仲, 凌辉 夏, 秋玲 吴, 梅 洪

PMC · DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20240607-00213 · Chinese Journal of Hematology · 2024-11-01

## TL;DR

This study shows that real-time rectal swab tests can reliably detect dangerous gut bacteria in patients undergoing stem cell transplants, helping to predict bloodstream infections.

## Contribution

Demonstrates the clinical feasibility of real-time Xpert Carba-R assay as a reliable alternative to culture for detecting CRO in HSCT patients.

## Key findings

- CRO gut colonization and bloodstream infection strains in HSCT patients are highly homologous.
- Real-time Xpert Carba-R has high sensitivity (96.6%) and positive predictive value (90.6%) for CRO detection.
- Whole genome sequencing confirms close genetic relatedness between gut and bloodstream CRO strains from the same patient.

## Abstract

分析造血干细胞移植（HSCT）患者耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性菌（CRO）肠道定植菌株与血流感染（BSI）菌株的同源性，验证实时肛拭子Xpert Carba-R检测在临床应用中的价值，探讨其预警BSI的可行性。

收集并分析2021年1月至2021年12月从HSCT患者的肛拭子和血培养样本中获得的耐药菌株，使用菌种鉴定、抗菌药物耐药表型、全基因组测序（WGS）、多位点序列分型和碳青霉烯酶型鉴别等方法，验证CRO肠道定植和BSI菌株的同源性。对2021年8月至2022年8月的HSCT患者同时进行肛拭子培养和实时肛拭子Xpert Cabar-R酶型筛查，以纯化菌落碳青霉烯酶基因多重实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增产物的测序结果为参照标准，验证实时肛拭子Xpert Cabar-R检测的准确性。

本研究共纳入10例HSCT患者的24株CRO菌株，其中肠道定植菌14株，BSI菌10株。同一患者的CRO肠道定植和BSI菌株及其碳青霉烯酶基因高度一致，WGS显示同一患者的CRO肠道定植菌和BSI菌的亲缘关系比不同患者的菌株关系更密切。此外，本研究纳入184例HSCT患者的488份肛拭子标本，肛拭子培养和实时肛拭子Xpert Cabar-R的CRO检出率分别为16.4％和18.4％，实时肛拭子Xpert Carba-R检测的总体敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为96.6％、72.8％、90.6％和88.9％。

HSCT患者CRO肠道定植菌株与BSI菌株具有高度同源性，实时肛拭子Xpert Carba-R是检测常见碳青霉烯酶基因可靠且方便的方法，可替代肛拭子培养预警CRO-BSI的发生。

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** colonization (MESH:D003108), CRO- (MESH:D000092124), BSI (MESH:D018805)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

_Full body text omitted from this summary view._ Fetch the complete paper as Markdown: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11886673/full.md

## Figures

2 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11886673/full.md

## References

25 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11886673/full.md

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11886673