# Association Between Different Biomarkers and Initial Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

## TL;DR

This study reviews how different biomarkers affect initial tooth movement during orthodontic treatment in children and adults.

## Contribution

The paper systematically evaluates and compares biomarker responses in children and adults during early orthodontic treatment.

## Key findings

- Younger patients show faster biological responses to orthodontic forces.
- Biomarker levels peak within 72 hours of force application in younger individuals.
- Non-randomized clinical trials were used to compare biomarker expression in children and adults.

## Abstract

The present systematic review aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap by evaluating the influence of various biomarkers on initial orthodontic tooth movement in children and adults. A systematic electronic search was conducted using relevant keywords across the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost to identify articles published in English until December 2023. The “Risk of Bias (ROB) in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions” (ROBINS-I) tool was used to assess the risk of bias, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was applied to critically appraise the quality of evidence. A total of 10 studies were identified, all of which were non-randomised clinical trials that compared biomarker expression in patients belonging to the growing age group (children, juveniles, or adolescents) and adults, using gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) or saliva analysed by the ELISA method. Overall, younger patients consistently exhibited faster and more pronounced biological responses to orthodontic forces, with biomarker levels peaking within the first 72 hours of force application.