High-Grade Glioma With Parotid Metastasis: A Case Report of Long-Term Treatment and Follow-Up
Raed Abu Jarir, Noman Shah, Muhammad Mohsin Khan, Mhran Daie, Abdulrazzaq Haider, Ali Ayyad
TL;DR
This case report describes a rare instance of a high-grade brain tumor that spread to the parotid gland and highlights the importance of long-term monitoring and personalized treatment.
Contribution
The paper presents a rare case of extracranial metastasis in an IDH-mutant high-grade glioma, emphasizing updated classification and clinical management.
Findings
The tumor progressed from Grade 2 to Grade 4 and developed metastases to the cervical lymph nodes and parotid gland.
Molecular studies confirmed genetic consistency between the primary and metastatic tumors.
The case highlights the need for advanced diagnostics and long-term monitoring in IDH-mutant astrocytomas.
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (WHO Grade 4) are aggressive and common primary brain tumors of glial origin with poor prognosis. The classification of high-grade astrocytomas has evolved, improving the distinction between tumor subtypes. Previously, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytomas that progressed to Grade 4 were referred to as secondary glioblastomas. They are now categorized as astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, WHO Grade 4, reflecting their unique molecular and clinical features. While intracranial spread is common in high-grade gliomas, extracranial metastases remain exceptionally uncommon. This case report highlights a 31-year-old woman who initially presented with seizures and progressive neurological symptoms. Initial imaging revealed a diffuse astrocytoma (WHO Grade 2), confirmed by histopathology and molecular testing as an IDH mutant. Despite surgery, radiotherapy, and…
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
Click any figure to enlarge with its caption.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13Peer Reviews
No public reviews on file for this paper yet. If you reviewed it on a platform where reviews are public (OpenReview, ICLR, NeurIPS, ICML), you can paste yours below so the community can read it here.
Videos
No videos yet. Explain this paper in a talk, walkthrough, or lecture? Add one.
Taxonomy
TopicsGlioma Diagnosis and Treatment · Meningioma and schwannoma management · Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments