# Assessment of Public Knowledge and Awareness on First-Aid Management of Epistaxis in Qatif Region, Saudi Arabia

## TL;DR

This study finds that people in Al-Qatif, Saudi Arabia, lack proper knowledge about first-aid for nosebleeds, despite recognizing its importance.

## Contribution

The study provides the first assessment of public knowledge on epistaxis first-aid in the Al-Qatif region of Saudi Arabia.

## Key findings

- Only 60.4% of participants knew to apply pressure to stop nosebleeds.
- 35.1% knew the correct location to apply pressure.
- Average knowledge score was 3.1 out of 6, indicating significant gaps.

## Abstract

Background

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, is a common condition that can range from minor to severe, with the potential for life-threatening complications. In Saudi Arabia, particularly in Al-Qatif, limited research has been conducted on public knowledge and practices regarding first aid for epistaxis. Despite the condition's frequency, misconceptions and inadequate management techniques persist. This study aims to assess the awareness and attitudes of the general population in Al-Qatif towards first aid for epistaxis.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Qatif, Saudi Arabia, from November to December 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to adults aged 18 and older to assess their knowledge and attitudes towards epistaxis first aid. The questionnaire covered demographics, common causes of epistaxis, and appropriate first aid measures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses, to identify any associations between knowledge and demographic factors.

Results

A total of 370 participants were surveyed. While most respondents (n=325, 87.8%) recognized the importance of first aid for epistaxis, only (n=223, 60.4%) knew that pressure should be applied to the nose to stop bleeding, and only (n=130, 35.1%) were aware of the correct location for applying pressure. The average knowledge score was 3.1 out of 6, revealing substantial gaps in public understanding. Demographic factors, such as age, gender, and education level, did not show significant associations with knowledge scores.

Conclusion

The study reveals that there are significant gaps in knowledge regarding epistaxis first aid in Al-Qatif. Public health initiatives focused on educating the population about proper management techniques are crucial to reducing the risk of complications.