Restless Legs Syndrome Secondary to Iron Deficiency Anaemia: A Case Report

TL;DR

A man with restless legs was found to have iron deficiency anemia, and his symptoms improved after iron treatment.

Contribution

This case highlights IDA as a treatable cause of RLS in Aboriginal Australian patients.

Findings

The patient's RLS symptoms improved significantly after iron replacement therapy.

Severe iron deficiency anemia was identified as the underlying cause of restless legs syndrome.

Abstract

Leg pain, particularly restless legs, is one of Australia's most common complaints in general practice. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a possible cause of restless legs syndrome (RLS). We present the case of a 35-year-old Aboriginal man who initially presented for general health assessment, which was required every nine months for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia. He complained of restless legs at night; however, he denied any other symptoms such as tiredness and weakness. Blood tests revealed severe IDA and dyslipidaemia. After initiating iron replacement therapy, the patient’s restless leg symptoms improved significantly. This case emphasises the importance of investigating secondary causes, especially IDA. Addressing these underlying medical conditions can lead to significant improvements in patient well-being.