# Integration of Euclidean and path distances in hippocampal maps

## TL;DR

This study shows that the hippocampus creates flexible mental maps by integrating both direct and navigational distances between locations.

## Contribution

The study reveals that the hippocampus adapts to changes in path distances, supporting the idea of flexible cognitive maps.

## Key findings

- Hippocampal neural patterns reflect distances between object locations.
- Hippocampal representations adapt to changes in path distances for route learners.
- Cognitive maps in the hippocampus integrate both Euclidean and path distances.

## Abstract

The hippocampus is a key region for forming mental maps of our environment. These maps represent spatial information such as distances between landmarks. A cognitive map can allow for flexible inference of spatial relationships that have never been directly experienced before. Previous work has shown that the human hippocampus encodes distances between locations, but it is unclear how Euclidean and path distances are distinguished. In this study, participants performed an object-location task in a virtual environment. We combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with representational similarity analysis to test how Euclidean and path distances are represented in the hippocampus. We observe that hippocampal neural pattern similarity for objects scales with distance between object locations, and suggest that the hippocampus integrates Euclidean and path distances. One key characteristic of cognitive maps is their adaptive and flexible nature. We therefore subsequently modified path distances between objects using roadblocks in the environment. We found that hippocampal pattern similarity between objects adapted as a function of these changes in path distance, selectively in route learners but not in map learners. Taken together, our study supports the idea that the hippocampus creates integrative and flexible cognitive maps.