# Read. This. Slowly: mimicking spoken pauses in text messages

## TL;DR

This paper shows how texters use punctuation and formatting to convey emotions like disgust and frustration in messages, mimicking spoken pauses and tone.

## Contribution

The study introduces new textisms that mimic prosody to communicate nuanced emotions in text-based communication.

## Key findings

- Using periods after each word (No. Just. Go) conveys disgust and frustration.
- Breaking messages into single-word texts ([no] [just] [go]) also signals negative emotions.
- Textisms help convey social and emotional meaning in the absence of vocal cues.

## Abstract

In contrast with face-to-face conversations, text messages lack important extralinguistic cues such as tone of voice and gestures. We ask how texters are able to communicate the same nuanced social and emotional meaning without access to this rich set of multimodal cues. The current paper expands on previous work examining the role of one particular textism, the period, and found that the inclusion of a period after a single-word text (yup.) could convey abruptness, or insincerity. Across three experiments, we used a rating scale to examine two additional textisms and found that the inclusion of a period after each word in an exchange (No. Just. Go) as well as breaking the exchange into a series of single-word texts ([no] [just] [go]) conveyed emotions such as disgust and frustration. These textisms may have mimicked prosody, influencing readers’ understanding of the emotionality of the message. More generally, the results demonstrate that texters make use of a variety of textisms to communicate social and emotional information.