Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Perception, Condom Utilization, and Associated Factors Among Youths (15–24 Years of Age) in Gashena Town, Northeast Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

TL;DR

This study in Ethiopia found that only half of youths used condoms and less than 20% felt at risk for HIV, with age, education, and employment linked to safer behaviors.

Contribution

The study identifies key demographic factors associated with HIV risk perception and condom use among youths in Gashena, Ethiopia.

Findings

Only 50% of youths used condoms, and 19.4% perceived themselves at risk for HIV.

Being 18 or older, having higher education, and being employed were linked to increased condom use and HIV risk perception.

Abstract

Background: Globally, an estimated 1.7 million people were newly infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and approximately 37.9 million people were living with the virus. The prevalence of HIV remains high in sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Consequently, enhancing the awareness of HIV risk is crucial for prevention efforts, as studies have shown that increased risk perception is strongly linked to condom utilization among youths.

Objective: This study aimed to assess HIV risk perception and condom utilization among youths and associated factors in Gashena town, Northeast Ethiopia.

Method: Community-based cross-sectional study involving 422 youths (15–24 years old) was conducted from June 01 to 30, 2022. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique, and data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 software. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the odds ratios for variable associations, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Result: The present study revealed that 50% (95% CI: 42.7–57.3) of youths utilized condoms, while 19.4% (95% CI: 15.8–23.5) had a perception of being at risk for HIV. Factors significantly associated with both condom utilization and HIV risk perception included being 18 years old or older (AOR: 95% CI: 0.2 [0.10–0.40]), having completed primary education or higher (AOR: 95% CI: 6.23 [3.44–11.29]), and being employed (AOR: 95% CI: 1.96 [1.09–3.53]).

Conclusion: This study found a low prevalence of condom utilization and HIV risk perception among youths. Being 18 years old or older, having completed primary education or higher, and being employed were factors significantly linked to both condom use and HIV risk perception. Therefore, raising awareness about the implications of unprotected sexual intercourse and HIV risk perception among youths of varying ages, educational status, and occupational statuses could potentially enhance condom utilization among this demographic group.