# Clozapine to treat aggression and agitation in advanced dementia

## TL;DR

Clozapine may help reduce aggression and agitation in elderly dementia patients who don't respond to other treatments, though side effects need monitoring.

## Contribution

This study explores clozapine as a treatment for refractory aggression and agitation in advanced dementia patients.

## Key findings

- Clozapine was effective and well tolerated in 23 out of 31 patients with advanced dementia.
- The treatment showed symptom reduction using the Pittsburgh Agitation Scale.
- Adverse effects were noted, especially in patients with cardiovascular or pulmonary issues.

## Abstract

Agitation and aggression are a serious problem in clinical psychiatry, especially in multimorbid patients of advanced age, including those with dementia.

We wanted to investigate to what extent clozapine could be an option in the treatment of selected refractory patients.

A retrospective study included patients with a diagnosis of dementia who were treated with clozapine in a specialist geriatric psychiatry unit between August 2018 and February 2022, and medical records were systematically reviewed. The Clinical Global Impressions Scale was used for the assessment of improvement and the Pittsburgh Agitation Scale for the assessment of symptom reduction. In addition, there was detailed documentation of side effects and clinical features.

A total of 31 patients with a median age of 82 years were identified.

In conclusion, clozapine was effective and well tolerated in 23 patients. This suggests that low-dose clozapine may help alleviate the suffering of difficult-to-treat multimorbid patients with advanced dementia and their carers. However, adverse effects, particularly in patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment, should be carefully monitored.

None Declared